fa شناسایی روش‌های اثربخش آموزش کارآفرینی تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <br> <strong><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">مقدمه: </span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">در شرایط کنونی و در آینده با توجه به شرایط اقتصادی، جایگاه کارآفرینی و خوداشتغالی از عوامل مهم رشد کسب و کار می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">باشد. برای آماده</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">سازی افراد به این عرصه نیاز به آموزش اثربخشی می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">باشد که بتواند در افراد ایجاد انگیزه نماید. شناسایی روش</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">های اثربخش که بتواند به کارآفرینی افراد منجر شود هدف اصلی این مقاله می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">باشد.</span></span></span><br> <strong><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">روش</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">ها: </span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">این مطالعه از نوع کمی (توصیفی-مقطعی) می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">باشد. جامعه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">ی آماری این پژوهش شامل اساتید و دانشجویان ارشد دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">باشد و نمونه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">ی پژوهش شامل 80 دانشجو و 10نفر از اساتید می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">باشد که به صورت نمونه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. پژوهش از طریق پرسشنامه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">ی محقق ساخته انجام گرفت که پس از کسب اعتبار و روایی پرسشنامه، داد</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">ه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">های پژوهش با استفاده ازروش</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">های آمار توصیفی و استنباطی از جمله آزمون </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">t</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;"> مستقل و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">t</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;"> تک نمونه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">ای و با استفاده از نرم افزار </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">spss</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;"> ورژن 21 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.</span></span></span><br> <strong><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">یافته</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">ها: </span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">نتایج پژوهش نشان داد روش</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">های اثربخش آموزش کارآفرینی از نظر اساتید و دانشجویان به ترتیب عبارتند از: یادگیری انفرادی، کار با افراد با تجربه، آموزش در محیط واقعی، یادگیری از طریق نرم افزارها، فعالیت گروهی، آموزش مجازی، کار انفرادی عملی و اجرای نمایشنامه می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">باشد. </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">P-value</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;"> در سطح001/0 به ترتیب عبارتند از97/0، 97/0، 62/0، 56/0، 32/0، 40/0، 68/0 و 69/0 می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">باشد که نشان می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">دهد بین نظر اساتید و دانشجویان در مورد روش</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">های اثربخش آموزش کارآفرینی تفاوتی و جود ندارد.</span></span></span><br> <strong><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">نتیجه</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">گیری: </span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">استفاده از روش</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">های فعال شامل کار انفرادی عملی، آموزش در محیط واقعی و کار با افراد با تجربه که دانشجویان را به صورت مستقیم درگیر می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">کند نتایجی به مراتب بهتر از سایر روش</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: gn lotus;"><span style="color: black;">ها دارد.</span></span></span> <br> Introduction: The entrepreneurship and self-employment status is an important factor in business growth,<br> in the current situation and in the future due to the economic conditions. To motivate people, an effective<br> education is required. The main goal of this article is identifying the effective methods that can lead people<br> into entrepreneurship.<br> Methods: This study is a descriptive study. The sample size of this study is 80 students and professors<br> from Tehran University Faculty and Entrepreneurship that were selected by simple random sampling. After<br> the acquisition of the questionnaire validity and reliability, the data were analyzed using descriptive and<br> inferential statistical methods including T-independent and one-sample t-test, using SPSS (21).<br> Results: The results showed that the effective methods in entrepreneurship teaching consist of: individual<br> learning, working with experienced people, learning through soft wares, group learning, e-learning, and practical<br> individual working. The P-value level was 0.97, 0.97, 0.62, 0.56, 0.32, 0.40, 0.68 and 0.69 respectively. There<br> were no differences between faculty and students views about effective methods in entrepreneur teaching.<br> Conclusion: Applying active methods including of practical individual working, teaching in a real<br> environment and working with experienced people that directly involve students, has better results in<br> comparison to other techniques. کارآفرینی, آموزش کارآفرینی, اثربخشی آموزش Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Education, Effective Education 1 12 http://nama.ajaums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-42-7&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hossein Abdollahi حسین عبداللهی 10031947532846001571 10031947532846001571 No Associate Professor of Educational Technology Department, Psychology & Educational Sciences Faculty, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: hossein_abd@hotmail.com Somayhe Maghsoudi سمیه مقصودی 10031947532846001572 10031947532846001572 Yes (*Corresponding author) MA in instructional education planning Psychology & Educational Sciences Faculty, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: saidnn.sm@gmail.com